Duchenne muscular dystrophy, or DMD, is a rare, progressive genetic disorder that affects the muscles, primarily in males. DMD is characterized by the weakening and degeneration of muscle tissue, leading to significant mobility issues and, in many cases, a shortened lifespan. While a cure for the condition is yet to be determined, ongoing research seeks to improve management and treatment options. Find below the signs of DMD and ways to diagnose the disease. Signs and symptoms DMD is a condition that typically presents early in childhood. The signs and symptoms of DMD may vary in severity but generally become more pronounced as the child grows older. Some common indicators include: Muscle weakness One of the earliest signs is weakness in the muscles of the pelvis and upper legs. Children with DMD may struggle to get up from the floor or climb stairs. Delayed motor milestones Affected children often experience delays in reaching motor milestones, like sitting up, crawling, and walking. Some may never achieve independent walking. Waddling gait As the disease progresses, the weakening of leg muscles causes a waddling gait that makes walking more challenging. Frequent falls Children with DMD may experience frequent falls due to muscle weakness, making activities that require balance and coordination difficult.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), often referred to as Lou Gehrig’s disease, is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects the motor neurons in the spinal cord and brain. This condition requires early diagnosis for effective management and treatment. Therefore, identifying the initial signs of ALS can make a substantial difference for one with ALS. Here are some of the early warning signs of ALS that individuals, along with their caregivers and healthcare providers, should remain vigilant about. Muscle twitches and cramps ALS often presents with persistent muscle twitches, which are medically termed fasciculations. These involuntary contractions manifest as visible or palpable ripples beneath the skin’s surface. Additionally, individuals may experience muscle cramps, which are sudden and painful contractions occurring even at rest. These twitches and cramps can be caused due to various reasons. However, if these are persistent and prolonged occurrences, one should immediately consult a health practitioner. Increased muscle stiffness and spasticity In some cases, an individual may experience muscle stiffness and spasticity. This can lead to a sensation of tightness or rigidity in the affected muscles. In addition, this may result in involuntary contractions or spasms, which can be uncomfortable or painful. This symptom can further contribute to mobility difficulties and may necessitate specialized care and interventions.

Blood clots can be a silent threat to one’s health, often going unnoticed until they cause serious complications. These clots can develop in the veins or arteries and may affect various parts of the body. They typically form after an injury or due to health conditions like liver or kidney disease. Recognizing the signs of blood clots is crucial for early detection and timely intervention. This article outlines some common signs of blood clots: Swelling Sudden and unexplained swelling in the arms, legs, or other body parts may indicate a blood clot obstructing blood flow, leading to fluid buildup. Swelling due to blood clots may indicate the onset of deep vein thrombosis, typically occurring in the legs, and should not be ignored. Pain and tenderness Blood clots often involve persistent discomfort in the affected area, accompanied by warmth and redness. Shortness of breath Blood clotting in the lungs, or pulmonary embolism, is characterized by difficulty breathing, chest pain, and a rapid heart rate, necessitating immediate attention. Neurological symptoms Symptoms like confusion, dizziness, and severe headaches may point to blood clots in the brain or cerebral thrombosis. Gastrointestinal issues When blood clots develop in the digestive system, they may manifest in the form of gastrointestinal issues, such as blood in stools and abdominal pain.

At best, a stuffy nose is an inconvenience, while at worst, it can become unbearably annoying and distressing to live with. Many things cause nasal congestion, and some of its causes include infections such as sinusitis and flu, allergies, and lifestyle-related habits. In most cases, nasal congestion indicates other, more severe health issues in people. Fortunately, a stuffy nose is easy to resolve. So, here are some easy ways one can follow for relief: Using a humidifier A humidifier converts water into moist air. When used in a room, this moisture fills up the air in that zone. Heightened moisture automatically helps people with congested nasal pathways as it soothes irritated tissues and swollen blood vessels, two of the chief causes of nasal congestion in their noses. In this way, setting up a humidifier in a room is one of the surest methods to relieve stuffy noses. Taking hot showers Hot showers involve a lot of steam. When an individual takes a hot shower, they are likely to inhale this steam, which, in turn, goes on to clear their sinuses and relieve nasal congestion. In addition to that, hot showers are a relaxing way to wind down and refresh oneself after a long and tiring day at work.

Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of cells that can develop in any part of the body. The location of the cancer determines the type and the symptoms it causes. So, cancer developing in the bladder can affect the organ’s ability to store and remove urine. While confirming the condition requires a biopsy and other methods to reach a diagnosis, a few common signs can indicate the development of bladder cancer. Painful urination When a tumor or mass of cells pressing against the bladder invades the surrounding tissue, it causes sharp bouts of pain. This pain will also be felt during urination with varying intensity based on the progression of the cancer. Pain while urinating is a condition commonly referred to as dysuria that affects men more than women. Abdominal and bone pain As the bladder is located in the lower abdominal region, pain in the region is a common symptom of cancer in the region. If the cancer spreads to the nearby bones, it can result in bone pain. The intensity of these symptoms will mainly vary depending on the location and spread of the cancer. Some may also experience back pain here. Frequent urination The bladder controls the frequency of urination, so cancerous cells developing in the organ can affect this muscle function.

As a person ages, they may develop age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which can cause blurry central vision. It occurs when the macula, the part of the eye that controls sharp, straight-ahead vision, is damaged due to aging. This condition is a primary cause of vision loss in older individuals, making it crucial to recognize the symptoms early on and seek appropriate management. Here are some signs to look out for and tips for managing the condition. Signs and symptoms The symptoms of the disease show only at different stages of the condition, and also, in dry AMD, the symptoms are not observed till the late stage. In the early stage of AMD, no symptoms can be observed. Some individuals may not experience noticeable symptoms during the intermediate stage, while others may notice mild signs. These can include slight blurriness in their central vision or difficulty seeing in low-light conditions. In the late stage of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which can be either wet or dry, all the signs and symptoms become visible. At this point, individuals may notice crooked or wavy lines instead of straight lines, and their vision gradually becomes blurry. With time, the blurry area in the central vision expands and can even lead to blank spots.

Dry age-related macular degeneration is generally diagnosed among those over the age of 50 years. It causes the breakdown of a part of the retina known as the macula. It leads to reduced or blurred central vision. The intensity of vision loss can be between mild to severe. It is possible to delay vision loss through early diagnosis, self-care measures, and timely treatment. Here are some common management options for dry age-related macular degeneration. Treatment options Low vision rehabilitation Age-related macular degeneration doesn’t impair side vision. However, it reduces central vision, which is needed for certain essential tasks such as driving and reading. To help cope with the weakening central vision and adapt to using side vision only, one may go through low vision rehabilitation. A specialist such as an occupational therapist, eye doctor, or health practitioner trained in low-vision rehabilitation generally offers this. Surgery to implant a telescopic lens In some instances, when advanced dry macular degeneration affects both eyes, surgery is used to improve vision. The process involves implanting a telescopic lens in one of the affected eyes. The telescopic lens is a simple, narrow tube fitted with multiple lenses. The goal of this procedure is to improve distance and close-up vision.

Overactive bladder or OAB is a condition that groups some urinary symptoms, pointing toward bladder problems. It is not a disease but a set of symptoms. For some people, the symptoms can get so severe that it affects their social and work life and sleep. The frequent bathroom breaks can also dent one’s confidence, making them feel isolated and lonely. Here are some signs to notice and management tips to follow. Signs and symptoms Some signs and symptoms, if mild, may seem like regular bowel movements. However, observing and recognizing irregularities is essential for early detection, treatment, and management. Here are some signs to notice: Urgency to urinate Having a frequent urge to urinate is the most common and major symptom of OAB. The individual cannot ignore the strong and sudden urge to urinate; in fact, some people are afraid that there will be a leak if they do not use the bathroom immediately. Leaking urine Urge incontinence is another symptom. Under this, the urine may leak when there is a sudden urge to go to the bathroom. However, it is not to be confused with stress urinary incontinence. In Stress urinary incontinence, the person may leak urine during sneezing, laughing, or other physically strenuous activities.